(1999) partly solves the cosmological constant problem. Many models of quintessence have a tracker behavior, which according to Ratra and Peebles (1988) and Paul Steinhardt et al. By contrast, a cosmological constant is static, with a fixed energy density and w q = −1. Hence, quintessence is dynamic, and generally has a density and w q parameter that varies with time. Quintessence ( Q) is a scalar field with an equation of state where w q, the ratio of pressure p q and density ρ Spatial curvature of the cosmos (which has not been detected) is excluded because it is non-dynamical and homogeneous the cosmological constant would not be considered a fifth component in this sense, because it is non-dynamical, homogeneous, and time-independent. Of course, the other four components are not the ancient Greek classical elements, but rather " baryons, neutrinos, dark matter, radiation." Although neutrinos are sometimes considered radiation, the term "radiation" in this context is only used to refer to massless photons. Similarly, modern quintessence would be the fifth known "dynamical, time-dependent, and spatially inhomogeneous" contribution to the overall mass–energy content of the universe. Later scholars identified this element with aether.
Aristotle posited to be a pure, fine, and primigenial element. So called in Latin starting from the Middle Ages, this was the (first) element added by Aristotle to the other four ancient classical elements because he thought it was the essence of the celestial world. The name comes from quinta essentia (fifth element). Ī group of researchers argued in 2021 that observations of the Hubble tension may imply that only quintessence models with a nonzero coupling constant are viable. Those working with this postulate believe that quintessence became repulsive about ten billion years ago, about 3.5 billion years after the Big Bang. Quintessence can be either attractive or repulsive depending on the ratio of its kinetic and potential energy. Quintessence differs from the cosmological constant explanation of dark energy in that it is dynamic that is, it changes over time, unlike the cosmological constant which, by definition, does not change. It has been proposed by some physicists to be a fifth fundamental force. Caldwell, Rahul Dave and Paul Steinhardt. The concept was expanded to more general types of time-varying dark energy, and the term "quintessence" was first introduced in a 1998 paper by Robert R. The first example of this scenario was proposed by Ratra and Peebles (1988) and Wetterich (1988). In physics, quintessence is a hypothetical form of dark energy, more precisely a scalar field, postulated as an explanation of the observation of an accelerating rate of expansion of the universe. WikiProject Physics may be able to help recruit an expert. The specific problem is: Unclear phrasing in #Tracker behavior and #Quintom scenario.
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